مجموعه مقالات دومين همايش مردمسالارى دينى - جمعى از نويسندگان - الصفحة ٣٠٢
multicultural,
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liberal democrats ignore an important philosophical issue of the rights of the members of other cultures living in Western democracies,
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not to mention those who live in other societies with different cultures.
As lris Marion Young has noticed, the ignorance of multicul turalism carries with it injustice in three aspects. Firstly, it privileges a specific culture over other valuable cultures, to which others have subscribed. Secondly, since the dominat culture defines moral standards with an assertion of neutrality and universality, other cultures are assumed to be particular and deviant, whereas the dominant culture itself is one particular culture among all. Finally, the assertion of neutrality and universality by the particular dominant culture will result in the members of other cultures being ashamed of belonging to the supposedly deviant cultures. All these, obviously, contradict the core commitment to equality by liberal democrats.
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Therefore, when democrats commitment to equality of all normal human beings is enriched by the requirements of multicul turalism one should admit that Western secular democratic regimes share their construction on a particular conception of the good life with non- liberal regimes.
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Conceding that Western liberal democracies are particular to Western societies, John Rawls suggests that his two principles of justice as fairness are not
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fully general principles. Therefore, They do not apply to
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the basic structure of all societies, such as religious societies with firm commitment to religious values and practices. What follows from the restricted application of his theory, Rawls argues, is the possibility of alternative types of decent society, which is the best arrangement for non- liberal societies that liberal can realistically- and coherently- hope for.
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Therefore, notwithstanding its universalist claim about the conception of the good life, a Western secular conception of democracy should submit to the diversity of conceptions of the good life, and conceive Western democracy as one among all possible views, which can provide varying
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[٣] -،،(:، ١٩٩٠)،. ١٦٤- ٥.
[٤] -،،(:، ٢٠٠٠)،. ٧٠- ٢.
[٥] -،،(:، ١٩٩٩)،. ٨٥، ٧٨- ٦.