زندگى تحت توفيقات اصول اخلاق - مكارم شيرازى، ناصر - الصفحة ٣٦ - Quadruple principles of ethics inview of the ancients

oppressed and tolerance of oppression" and in low extreme is" injustice".

They assume moral vices infinite in one aspect, while moralvirtues, as the normal limit and moderate point, have only onestage, and thus they have resembled it to the center of a circle, which is only one point, and the vices to infinite points existingwithin the circle.

It is narrated from Mohaghegh Tousi, Khajeh Nasireddinand some other scholars that" the path" described in thetraditions as;.

«ادَقُّ مِنَ الشَّعْرِ وَ احَدُّ مِنَ السَّيْفِ» ..

" is thinner than hair and sharper than sword", is the samemoral moderation.. [١]

Now, we shall see from where these quadruple principleshave originated? Ethics scholars say in reply: man's soul has three powers: ١- Power of perception and distinction ٢- Power of acquiring benefit or" attraction" and in the otherword" desire"( in its general sense )

٣- Power of loss repulsion or" repulsion" and in the otherword" anger"

Moderation in each of these powers forms one of the moralvirtues, which are respectively, called wisdom, chastity andbravery.

And when two powers of desire and anger are under controlof distinction and perception power, justice is achieved.

In other words, balance in each of above triple powers isconsidered as a virtue, but their combination with each other,

[١]Majlessi ,BeharolAnvar ,٠٧٢ /٣٧