٢٥. JaHil al-Din al-Suyu r.
lil-Nashr, ١٩٨\) p. ١٦٣.
٢٦. "Romans" (Ar.: al-Rum) is the name which medieval Arabs gave to the peoples and lands of the Byzantine empire. It derives from the fact that Byzantium was still officially the East Roman Empire.-Trans.
٢٧. The astronomer Galileo dared, a millennium after the Hijra, to prove the rotational and revolutionary movements of the earth. His contemporaries abused him and persecuted him until he came close to death. And in spite of his venerable position and his rights as a scientist, he was incarcerated for a long time. As a consequence, European scholars kept se‌cret those discoveries of theirs which were against the age-old myths of their day, because of fear of the Roman church. See Hibat al-Dfn MuQammad al-Shahrastani, Al-Haya wa al-lslam,
٣rd ed. (Najaf: Ma baat
٢٨. f:Iurr al-Amilr, Wasail, vol. ٢, pt. ١, p. ١٣١.
٢٩. A paraphrase of a recurrent passage in the Quran, e.g., Q. ٢٢:٦١, "That is because
God makes the night to pass into the day and makes the day to pass into the night."-Trans.
٣٠. Ali b. al-f:Iusayn Zayn al-Abidin, Al-Sa/:tlfa al-Sajjadiyya at-Kamila, ed. Ali
An aryan
Iraniyya, n.d.) p. ٣٩.
٢