٢١. Mul,tammad Rashid Ri(la, Tafslr al-Quran al-f:laklm [Tafslr al-Manar], ١٢ vols. (Cairo: Maktabat al-Qahira, n.d.), vol. ٢, p. ١٣٨.
٢٢. Kashi, Al-Waft, vol. ١٣, p. ١٧. ٢٣. Nal,tl,ta~. Al-Nasikh, p. ٩٢. ٢٤. Ibid., p. ٩٠. ٢٥. Utash (lit. severe thirst) is an illness that causes insatiable thirst for those afflicted.- Trans.
٢٦. Kashi, Al-Waft, vol. ٧, pp. ٤٣-٤٤. ٢٧. Ri(la, Tafslr al-Manar, vol. ٢, p. ١٥٦. ٢٨. Ja~~a~. A/:tkam al-Quran, p. ١٧٧. ٢٩. Nal,tl,tas, Al-Nasikh, p. ٩٧. ٣٠. Ibid., p. Ill. . ٣١. Mul,tammad b. Ali ai-Sahwkani, Fat/:١ al-Qadfr al-Jam.i bayna Fannay al-Riwaya wa Dirayamin lim al-Tafslr, ٢d ed., ٥ vols. (Cairo: Maktabat wa Ma~baat Mu~~afa ai-Babi al-I:Ialabi, ١٩٦٤), vol. ١, p. ١٩١.
٣٢ These are the four sacred months during which fighting is forbidden: Dhu al-Qada, Dhu al-I:lijja, andMul,tarram, and Rajab (respectively, the last two months of the year and the first and seventh of the next.)-Trans.
٣٣. Nal,tl,tas, Al-Nasikh, p. ١٢١. ٣٤. This is the version preserved in the original text. ٣٥. Nal,tl,tas, Al-Nasikh, pp. ١٩٤-٩٦. ٣٦. The category thayb includes widows and widowers.-Trans. ٣٧. This ruling is only partly based on the Quran, and the legal schools do not entirely
agree on the details. Of the verses which deal with adultery, only ٢٤:٢ prescribes the lash; but neither this nor any other verse prescribes banishment or stoning to death or the criterion of virginity. The so-called stoning verse, which is said to have been acknowledged by Umar as an original part of the Quran, was rejeqed by the community and kept out of the Quran. The punishment described by the author here, which must have entered Islam at an early date, must have been adopted from Judaism; cf. Deut. ٢٢:٢٢-٢٨.
٣٨. Nal,tl,tas, Al-Nasikh, p. ٣١٠. ٣٩. Ja~~a~. A/:tkam al-Quran, vol. ٢, p. ١٠٧. ٤٠. This phrase occurs in the context of the Quranic verses that list the women whom a
man may not marry--e.g., his mother, sisters, daughters, aunts, stepmother. Cf. Q.٤:٢٢-٢٤.-
Trans. ٤١. Abd al-.,,Salam b. Taymiyya al-Harrani, al-Muntaqa min Akhbar al-Mustafo, ed.
Mul,tammad I:Iamid al-Faqqi, ٢ vols. (Cairo: al-Maktabat al-Tijariyya, ١٩٣١), vol. ٢, p. ٥٢٠. ٤٢. Burhan al-Din Ali b. Abi Bakr al-Marghiyani, Al-Hidaya bi-Shar/:١ Bidayat al- Mubtada, cited in Mul,tammad b. Abd al-Wal,tid, Shar/:١ Fat/:١ al-Qadlr ala Shar/:١ al-Hidaya, ٨ vols. (Cairo: BUlaq, ١٨٩٧-١٩٠٠) vol. ٢, p. ٣٨٥. This attribution is confirmed by al-Shaykh Mul,tammad ai-Babarti in his commentary on al-Hidaya. However, Ibn al-Humam al-I:Ianaff has denied it in Fat/:١ al-Qadfr. Abd al-Baqi al-Maliki al-Zurqani, in his commentary on AbU I;>iya, al-Mukhta$ar, vol. ٣, p. ١٩٠, says: "The truth apout mut a, which is absolutely revoked, is thai the contract specifies the time limit established by the man or the woman or her guard- ian, along with his informing her of his intention. However, if this was not included in the contract, but was intended by the man, and the woman understood that from him, then it was permissible. Malik held this opinion, and that it was beneficial for a person who was away
[from his home]." ٤٣. Ibn Kathir, Tafslr, vol. ٢, pp. ٢٤٣-٤٤, which give his commentary on Q. ٤:٢٤. ٤٤. Zurqani, Shar/:١ ala al-Mukhta$ar Abl al-l)iya, vol ٨, p. ٧٦. ٤٥. Qu~ubi,Jami, vol. ٥, p. ١٣٠. Ibn Kathir, Tafslr, vol. ٢, pp. ٢٤٤-٤٥, maintains that
Abrogation in the Quran ٢٤٩