مسائل المنتخبه (Articles Of Islamic Acts) - الخوئي، السيد أبوالقاسم - الصفحة ١٦٤ - METHOD OF PERFORMING TAYAMMUM IN LIEU OF BATH OR ABLUTIONS

of ٤ units to ٢ units. The conditions under which the units are shortened will be mentioned later

PRESCRIBED TIME FOR MIDDAY AND AFTERNOON PRAYERS
٧٣٧. If a stick or anything similar to it, which is called indicator (Shakhis) is inserted in a levelled ground its shadow will fall towards west when the sun rises in the morning and as the sun continues to rise the shadow of the indicator decreases. And in our cities it becomes smallest at the time of the commencement of miday. And when midday passes the shadow of the indicator turns towards east and as the sun moves towards west the shadow goes on increasing. Hence when the shadow reaches the last stage of shortness and begins increasing again it is known that midday has taken place. However, in some cities e.g. in Mecca the shadow becomes extinct sometimes and when it reappears it becomes known that it is midday.
٧٣٨. The time prescribed for midday and afternoon prayers is from the declining of the sun till sunset. However, if a person intentionally offers afternoon prayers earlier than midday prayers his prayers is void except when sufficient time is not left for more than one prayers. In that event if a person has not offered midday prayers it becomes qaza and he should offer afternoon prayers. And if before that time a person offers
Legal miday means passing away of half the day. for example if the day consists of ١٢ hours it will be legal midday when ٦ hours pass away after sunrise. And if the day consists of ١٣ hours legal midday will be ٦h hours after sunrise. And if the day consists of ١١ hours legal midday will be ٥h hours after sunrise. And the legal midday, which consists of the middle of sunrise and sunset, is on certain occasions in a year a few minutes more than ١٢ Oclock and an other occasions less than ١٢ Oclock by a watch.