علوم سیاسی - دفتر تبلیغات اسلامی حوزه علمیه قم - الصفحة ٣ - The Abstracts of Articles

The Abstracts of Articles



A COMPARATIVE THEORY OF IJTIHAD
IN THE SECONDARY THEINGS
Ayatollah Muhammad Ebrahim Jannati
Proffessor at Qum Seminary School

Abstract
The present paper maintains that the religious precepts will not change, unless the related subject matters change internally or externally with respect to time and space. Therefore, if the subject matters undergo any change, their related precepts will also change. In line with this claim, a number of religious and jurisprudential schools are evaluated, after which a new jurisprudential approach is suggested. Finally, sample cases of changes in jurisprudence as a result of changes in time and space and in common laws and situations are presented.

Keywords: jurisprudence, time and space, political Fiqh, changes in jurisprudence, common law, situations, jurisprudence theory.
THE METHODOLOGY
OF THE SHIITE POLITICAL FIQH
Najaf Lakza'ee
Bagher-ol-Oloom Higher Education Institute
Department of Political Sciences

Abstract
The present paper maintains that the Shiite political Fiqh has its own identity. On the basis of a comparative approach, the methodological characteristics of the Shiite political Fiqh are compared and contrasted with the methodology of the political Fiqh of the Islamic sects such as the methodology of the Traditionist and the Rationalist ulama, the methodology of the advocates of the individualistic Fiqh and the government Fiqh, and finally the conflict between the advocates of government Fiqh and religious intellectuals.

Keywords: methodology, political Fiqh, jurisprudence, jurisprudent, Shiite, traditionists, Sunnites, religious intellectuals.
THE METHODOLOGY OF SUNNITE POLITICAL FIQH
Mansoor Mir-Ahmadi
Bagher-ol-Oloom Higher Education Institute
Department of Political Sciences

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to study and analyse the Sunnite political Fiqh on the basis of its methodological foundations. To do so, the close relationship between the Sunnite political Fiqh and the Arabic language and literature is examined first, because Arabic language is the most significant epistemological tool for a jurisprudent due to the inevitability of reference to texts and traditions for organizing the political life. Next, with regard to the Sunnite political Fiqh sources, the status of each of these sources and their methodological necessity is elaborated. Since the Quranic text has a particular role, the necessity and the mothods of interpreting other sources on the basis of the Quran in the Sunnite political Fiqh is also explained. Finally, the Sunnite political Fiqh theories are classified into the old and the new theories. The impact of the methodological foundations of the Sunnite political Fiqh in these two periods on the formation of the particular characteristics of each of these periods, which led to the above classification, is investigated, as well.

Keywords: methodology, political Fiqh, Jurisprudence, rationalism, Caliphate, Sunnism, Council )shura(.
WHAT ARE THE REGULATIONS
OF THE POLITICAL FIQH?
Rohollah Shariati
Qum Siminary School Graduate
MA in International Law, Mofeed University, Qum

Abstract
Political Fiqh deals with newly-occurring problems, with the regulations of political Fiqh playing a significant role in providing answers to the problems. These regulations provide all the people with general coherent and conceivable strategies, familiarity with which makes the rulers to follow them, as well. This article is to explain the nature of political Fiqh regulations, their resources and objectives and strategies for implementing them.

Keywords: Fiqh, Fiqhi regulations, political Fiqh. DECONSTRUCTING THE OLD POWER STRUCTURE
Seyyed Ali Mir-Moosavi
Department of Political Sciences
Mofeed University

Abstract
The present paper is a study of the old power structure in Iran and the reason why it declined. This power structure, known as traditional patriarchism, was based on a particular social formation and the state arisen out of this social formation had certain features. The decline of this power structure started from the Kajar reign and simultaneous with the development of modernity in Iran the structure collapsed despite the reformative measures taken. On the basis of the discourse theory, the various dimentions of this transformation are investigated in this paper.

Keywords: deconstruction, reformations, constitutionality, the Kajar dynasty, power structure, state, discourse analysis.
IBN-I IDRIS HELLI'S APPROACH
TO POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
Ali Khaleghi
Shahid Beheshti University

Abstract
Ibn-i Idris Helli considers politics as statemanship and the management of public affairs in order to improve the religious and worldly lives of the people. Classifying Sultanates into the tyranical and the just, he evaluates the source of the legitimacy and the domain of the authority of each of these two types of Sultanates and concludes that only the just Sultans_i.e. the immaculate Imams_and those who are appointed by these Sultans have the right to manage people's political affairs.

Keywords: jursprudent, management, comprehensive, statemanship, Sultanate, just government, welayat, politics,. FAZEL MEGHDAD'S POLITICAL THOUGHT
Seyyed Muhammad-Reza Mosavian
Research Center for Islamic Political Thought

Abstract
The centrality of time and space and the relatedness of religion and politics in Fazel Meghdad's political thought endowed the Shiite jurisprudents' scientific endeavour with great capability and dynamism on the one hand, and promoted their social status on the other hand. It has also prepared the ground for ulama's political status and authority over the public sphere of the society, leading to the fact that in the political structure of the Islamic society either the Faqih should rule or the ruler should be a Faqih. On the basis of the above approach, Fazel Meghdad brings into consideration wellayate Faqih and his charactristics, the over all dominion of an Islamic ruler over the public good, the provision of public order and security, and the guidence of the people towards salvation. He approaches the relationship between the individual and the state with an emphasis on the high status of the individual in the wellayate Faqih political system, explaininy the mutual rights and responsibilities of the people and the state.

Keywords: Fazel Meghdad, government, wellayate Faqih desireable, the individual and the state, religion and politics. VAHEED BEHBAHANI'S POLITICAL THOUGHT
Abul-fazl Sultan-Muhammadi
Research Center for Islamic Political Thought

Abstract
Strengthening the rationalist school by Allameh Vaheed Behbahani and the continuity of the school during the last two centuries opened up a new chapter in the political life of the Shiites in the Occultation Time and resulted in the growth of political thinking in the Shiite Fiqh, expansion of jurisprudent's domain of authority, political potency of religious scholars )ulama(, and finally the stablishment of a religious government by Imam Khomeini in Iran. To underestand the backgrounds of the Shiite political thought, it is necessary to investigate Vaheed Behbahani's political ideas. Behbahani's political life and his attitudes towards religion and politics, government and its types, ketman )concealing one's thoughts and feelings( and interaction with tyranical rulers, wellayate Faqih, the conditions and charactristics of Islamic rulers, and other dimentions of his thought are examined in this paper.

Keywords: politics, tyranical government, caliphate, just government, political Fiqh, Imamate. AN ACCOUNT OF SAYID QUOTB'S DISCOURSE:
ISLMIC FUNDAMENTALISM
Majid Moradi
Qum Seminary School Graduate

Abstract
Sayid Quotb, whose ideas constitute the foundations of the contemporary Islamic fundamentalism, is the most famous and influencial figure in the Islamic fundamentalism. Though the political aspects of the Islamic fundamentalism prevailed in the last four decades, the philosophical foundations of the movement should not be neglected because the political trends of the movement has intellectual and philosophical origins. Thus, this paper presents the most significant concepts and elements of Sayid Quotb's ideas.

Keywords: ignorance, government, society, social justice, Sayid Quotb, method, Jama'ah )the mass(. LEGITIMACY AND ACCEPTABILITY:
CONTRADICTION OR AGREEMENT
Muhammad Fiyooji
Qum Seminary School Graduate

Abstract
Legitimacy has always been the oldest and the most crucial problem of governments throughout the history of man's social life. And, the most important point to be noted with respect to political legitimacy is whether it is theocratic or democratic. This is an insoluble contradiction which has attracted much intellectual work. This article is an attempt to reread some of the basic concepts of the subject from a new perspective and to formulate them in a new form maintaining that the assumed contradiction is fictional.

Keywords: legitimacy, acceptability, efficiency. THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS SCHOLARS
IN POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION
Morteza Alavian
Mazandaran University
Abstract:
The legitimacy crisis is a theory about political instabilities and changes. It emerges when the political socialization in the society leads to a duality or multiplicity of political opinions and specifically to the incompatibility of social beliefs with the ideology and functions of the political system. Political beliefs are formed through political socialization and by socializing agents and institutions which maintain, change, and create political culture. The clergies are one of the main socializing institutions in the Iranian society in the comtemporary history of Iran, playing an important role in the socio-political developments by means of the tools it had in his disposal. The present paper is to explain the role of the clergies in the formation of the Islamic Revolution through political socialization.

Keywords: political culture, legitimacy, religious scholars, political political socialization, socialization tools. DIPLOMACY AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOUR
IN ISLAM
Sayyed Abd-ol-Ghayyum Sajjadi
Bagher-ol-Oloom Higher Education Institute
Department of Political Sciences

Abstract
This paper is a historical study of the Islamic diplomacy with an emphasis on the political behaviour of religious leaders and Islamic states. The political behaviour and conducts of the holy prophet and Imam Ali )peace be upon them( indicates the guide lines of political behaviour in Islam with regard to diplomacy and foreign policies. In addition, studying the foreign policy behaviour of the caliphs at the time of the First Four Caliphs and the period after that explains the historical changes in the diplomatic and political behaviour of the Islamic states.

Keywords: diplomacy, Isamic diplomacy, the time of the prophet, the First Four Caliphs. THE DOCTRINE OF THE DIALOGUE AMONG
CIVILIZATIONS AND THE ISLAMIC THOUGHT
Ali-Reza Enayati
MA in Political Sciences

Abstract
The present paper is a Comparative study of the theoretical foundations of the doctrine of dialogue among civilizations and the Islamic thought. Studying the various conceptions of dialogue and analizing it based Bakhtin's semiotic approach provides the ground for underestanding the principles and preconditions required for dialogue. Studying the Islamic texts and traditions on the basis of Bakhtin's approach, one can conclude that the Islamic school of thought is founded on dialogue.

Keywords: dialogue, dialogue among civilizations, Islamic thought.