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علوم حدیث - علوم حدیث - الصفحة ١٧٤

this study for ethical action, is the consistency of everyone's behavior with his perception of the truth.

Key Words: Philosophy of Ethics, Normative Ethics, Moral Action, Morality, Faith, Usul al-Kafi.

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Hadiths Concerning Types of Friends: A Psychological
Analysis of Classification of Individual Communication

Mohsen Zandi

One of the most fundamental human needs is the need for connection and attachment which human survival depends on it. However, "connection" is a fundamental need and people "classify" their communication in respect to their both inside tendency and historical experiences. In the area of theory, psychological classification of communication takes place based on the Priori theory of researchers. Accepting moral integrity of classification of relations, and making emphasis on it, Scriptures also make a new design of communication and their forms according to their priori theories about man and his place in the world. In the chapter of "Asnaf al-Asdiqa" (Types of Friends) of the book Friendship in the Qur'an and Hadith, six hadiths are found in which different types of relationships are classified. Significant differences are apparent within these six hadiths whether employed in the words and sentences or in the category of classification. To resolve this apparent inconsistency, the author of the present paper first makes a semantic system within the family of all traditions of communication then verifies its direction. Finally, he makes a psychological analysis of these hadiths and infers a four-class pyramidal pattern about relationships.

Key Words: Friendship, Relationships, Functional Relationships, Love, Attitude, Semantic System, Psychological Analysis.

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The Mechanism of Divine Reward and Punishment at a Glance

Mohammed Hussein Saleh Abadi

One of the most common questions raised by today’s generation is the abundant rewards mentioned in the hadith sources for some tasks, such as visiting the holy shrines and mourning for Imam Hussain (a.s). In this article, the author tries to give a description of some general rules which can be deduced from religious texts about the rewards and punishments and make a perspective of the divine judgment and existing standards in this field Thereby reward frequency in the above-mentioned cases, according to this mechanism and its criteria will be judged. Thus, using the verses and traditions, the author of the present paper infers some rules like "authenticity of Tafazol in reward system and not in contractual transaction" and