علوم سیاسی - دفتر تبلیغات اسلامی حوزه علمیه قم - الصفحة ٦ - Abstracts

Abstracts



THE MUTUAL RIGHTS OF PEOPLE AND RULERS

Ayatollah Ibrahim Jannati

The study of the different aspects of the rights of people and the rights of rulers in Islam was always a concren of Muslim thinkers. This article studies justice-centered and state-centered politics in addition to the mutual rights of people and rulers.
A FIQHI APPROACH TO IMAM KHOMEINI'S THEORY OF REVOLUTION

Abbas Haydari Behnuةeyyeh

Imam Khomeini assumes that Islam is a comprehensive and complete program for man's happiness in this world and the other. This assumption provides him with the theoretical tools for theorizing about government and revolution on the bassis of religious sources. This article will study some of these innovations. SAYYED MOHAMMAD HOSSAYN FADHLOLLAH'S POLITICAL THOUGHT

Majid Moradi

Text and Reality are two important sources for Fadhlollah's political thought. From his viewpoint what are taken from text are the values and what are determined based on the reality of the time are the forms.
The dynamism of text is in its flexibility and adaptability with different situations. Abstracting an eternal political structure and form from religious texts is impossible because the time factor would be ignored. A desireable political system based on religious texts is the one that secures justice and freedom.
This political system is determinad and evaluated by its efficiency and with respect to the requirements and conditious of any time. DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO APOSTASY

Mohammad-Hassan Gharamalaki

This article is an attempt to evaluate and classify religious jurisprudenst's (Faqihs') views on apostasy charge. Eight approaches can be mentioned here. The acceptance of an apostate's repentence' his Knowledge, the publicity of apostasy, an apostate's enmity and similar issues are the main points of disagreement among jurisprudents.
THE CHARACTRISTICS OF THE SUNNITE POLITICAL FIQH

Ali Reza Sadra

The shi'a and the sunnah are the two principal Islamic faiths which assume that Islam is a program for organizing and managing the affairs of the people and the state. Both believe that formulating a perfect political and religious school of faith is practical and have set it as their goal to actualize it.
On the basis of the Koranic verse which says, "Today, I perfected your faith and finished my bless on you", the shiites claim that Islam is perfect and complete.
the Sunnites, on the other hand, not believing in Imamah as the second principle of Islam, maintain that Islam is imperfect and propose Ijtihad (jurisprudence) to compensate the deficiency.

THEORIES OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS FROM THE VIEWPOINTS OF SAYYED JAFAR KASHFI

Abulfazl Shokohi

Three political theories by sayyed Jafar Kashfi are presented here.
A: The theory of prophetic philosophy and mediator of bless which discusses over the following topics:
١ - reason and religion.
٢ - necessity and conditions of Ijtihad (jurisprudence),
٣ - wellayat-e Faqih in the Koran and traditions,
٤ - the fourth principle of religion, Marja'eeyat,
٥ - the government of Faqihs and sultans,
٦ - the responsibility of people towards right or corrupt governments.
B. "The theory of necessity" in which Kashfi presents the follwing topics from the viewpoints of philosophers:
١. the necessity of living and of politics.
٢. the necessity of the existence of rulers and sultans.
٣. the responsibilities of people towards cruel rulers.
C. "The theory of Kaliphate" in which Najmoddin Razi's ideas are presented as follws:
١. the rank and role of Kaliphate.
٢. the importance of justice.
٣. the definition of justice with respect to socio-political individuals and groups.

PHILOSOPHY OF RIGHT Jeremy Waldron

Translated by: Mohammad Reza Zafary

The concept of "right" is widely used in law, ethics, and politics, and all legal, moral, and political rights are based on rules that form the framework of these disciplines. Individuals' rights of bodily security, for example, are derived from the criminal rule of the prohibition of assaults and batteries. Yet, no right is justified by the related rules, because these rules are instituted by a rationality which is considered as the "theory of right" in the philosophies of these disciplines. This research tries to clarify most important theories of "right", the philosophical foundations of instituting these rules, the hidden roots of all the rights, distinguishing them from each other and their connection with freedom.

SHEIKH BAHA'EE'S POLITICAL THOUGHT

Abulfazl Sultan-Mohammadi

This article studies some of the charactristics of politics from Sheikh Baha'ee's viewpoint, who emphasizes on the civil nature of human kind. He believes that government is a political necessity in a society and on the basis of this assumption he proposes a discussiom over types of government and conditions and duties of rulers. The issue of cruel rulers makes him discuss about concepts such as justice, Toghoot, intimacy with kings and so on.

FAZEL HINDI'S IDEAS ON POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

Ali Khaleghi

From Fazel Hindi's viewpoint, man is a civil being who cannot live without getting help and cooperation from his fellow kind. As a result, cities have been formed. Besides, cooperation in social living involves contact and interaction with others, and interaction requires law and justice. Thus, man needs just rulers for civil living. The desireable just rulers are the prophet, the Imams and the Faqihs appointed by them.

CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC THOUGHT

Zakki Milad

Translated by: Mohammad Jom'eh Amini
In ١٩th and ٢٠th century three types of Islamic thoughts can be distinguished:
١- Modern Islamic thought: from the second half of ١٩th century to ١٩٢٠.
٢- Contemporary Islamic Though: starting from the collapse of Ottoman Empire to the end of ١٩٧٠.
٣- New Islamic Thought: starting from ١٩٨٠. Comparing Modern Islamic thought and contemporary Islamic thought, we come to this conclusion that the first was always more influencial in the Islamic and Arab world.

POLITICAL THEORY, POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

Translated by: Ahmad-Reza Taheripoor

In the history of political thought we encounter a Three-level discussion over political philosophy, political ideology and political theory as abstract, rational and thought levels. In this article, The distinction between political theory and political philosophy and political ideology and the differences and similarities among these three concepts and the importance of each of them is briefly discussed.

ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM AND POLITICAL ISLAM Anushiravan Ehteshami

Translated by: Mohsen Islami

"Islamic Fundamentalism" and "Political Islam" are terms which are interchangeably used in the West for socio-political movements in Islamic societies and Middle Eeat in particular. The end of the cold war and as a result the necessity for creating the "other" as the enemy of the West was the main cause of the wide use of Fundamentalism in the West.
Presenting different viewpoints on the roots and nature of fundamentalism and distinguishing it from political Islam, the writer studies the West's strategies for controlling the socalled Fundamentalism.