نشریه معرفت - موسسه آموزشی پژوهشی امام خمینی (ره) - الصفحة ١٢
ABSTRACTS
The Whispered Words of the Seekers of Access to the Deity (٢): Supplication in the View of Infallible Imams (peace be upon them)
Ayatollah 'Allamah Mohammad Taqi Misbah
Abstract
The present paper seeks to elucidate Imam Sajjad's words in his
supplication about seeking access and proximity to Glorified God. Since
man is essentially poor, he has nothing on his own to give or seek
nearness to God. Faith, too, is something which God bestows upon man.
Due to his essential poverty, man cannot have the by which he gets
nearer to God because the means must be presentable, besides the
Glorified God is absolutely rich and in need of no such things.
Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him) states: "we have two means by which we
have access and get nearer to God. They are the Holy Prophet's
affection, mercy and courage which are the only means of drawing nigh to
God and Infallible Imams' intercession.
Key words: supplication, intercession, divine mercy, the infallible Imams (peace be upon them).
The Features of Ideal Demographic Policy-making in Iran
Ismail Noodeh Farahani, 'Abbas Maghami, Mahdiyyeh Kazemi Taklimi
Abstract
The present paper classifies the views about "population growth" into
three approaches of "population growth as an increase in the number
seekers welfare", "population growth as an increase in manpower to
contribute to development", and "population growth as an increase in the
number of the Shi'a and Muslims". Then a kind of comparative-historical
study is made to formulate an ideal demographic policy-making in Iran.
Therefore, the main parts of this paper include a brief review of the
existing approaches to demographic policy-making in such countries as
England, India, Turkey, the Occupied Palestine and Lebanon; a historical
review of demographic policies adopted after the victory of Islamic
revolution from ١٣٥٧ to ١٣٨٤ (١٩٧٨-٢٠٠٥); and a review of the reasons of
failure of the reformative approach of government in the ninth and
tenth terms with regard to other policies which have to do with the
issue of higher education policies, macro-economic policies. . . .
The research findings are underlined with emphasis on the following
contradictory statements: ١- Iran's population should increase; ٢- the
population of Capital should decrease; ٣- decentralization policy has
failed.
Key words: demographic policy-making, population growth, Iran's population, the decade of progress and justice.
The Necessities of the Change in Demographic Policy with Emphasis on the Role of National Media
Ibrahim Shafi'i Sarvestani
Abstract
After twenty years of implementing the policy of population control,
the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran is now revising it and
adopting the policy of population growth due to different economic,
social, cultural, political and security considerations. No doubt, the
implementation of such a policy requires taking several measures in
different fields, the most important of which are "culture-making" and
directing the discourse of society from "population decline" to "
population growth" Accordingly, national media as one of the most
important instrument of culture-making in the country must contribute to
this new demographic policy and use all its capacities to implement it,
according to a precise, clear and timely program. First of all, the
strategies and policies of the national media in this regard should be
specified so that the executive activities and programs of national
media may contribute to the achievement of the mentioned aims.
Key words: national media, demographic policy, management of message, lirth control, population growth.
Birth Control of the Shi'ah ; a Threat to the Iranian Society of Iran (the Causes of Population Decline and Its Consequences)
Zahra Sookhtanloo & A'zam Rahmatabadi,
Abstract
The present paper expounds the causes of population decline and its
consequences. It aims at recognizing the policies of population control
as a sociopolitical problem and providing ways of preventing to insure
generation survival. Cultural means like propaganda, promotion of
modernity, and following the hygienic policies of UNESCO in Islamic
countries have furthered the political aims laid behind this trend, and
such social contexts like promotion of delinquency, promotion of
feministic views and divorce have reinforced it. Population control in
Iran has brought unpleasant effects including weakness of defensive
force, decrease in the number of elite and young manpower, demographic
imbalance and threat to Shi'a school.
Key words: Shi'a, national security, policy of population control, consequences of population control.
Methodological and Epistemic Challenges in the Existing Demographic Studies
Forooq al-Sabah Shoja'noori, Farzaneh Shokri
Abstract
The research works on population conducted along with rapid demographic
changes in Iran has adopted different approaches. Using a meta-analysis
method, the present paper reviews the studies on population conducted
from ١٣٧٠ to ١٣٩٠ (١٩٩١- ٢٠١١) in the field of the human sciences in
order to identify the methodological gaps and problems of these studies.
To this end, ٦٣ articles have been reviewed. The results of the
meta-analysis show that %٦١.٩٠ of all reviewed articles have a negative
attitude about population growth. Furthermore, these studies have
several defects and problems as far as research method in concerned. For
example, %٩٠.٤٧ of them use a library and documentary method and lack
sampling technique, %٦٣.٥٠ have unknown field of study, %٥٣.٩٧ lack
hypothesis or research question and %٥٧.١٥ lack analysis technique.
Given these research findings, conducting extensive research on
population growth or population decline, in which the methodological
principles of scientific research are observed, will be worthwhile.
Key words: population, meta-analysis, population growth and decline.
An Inquiry into the Demographic Views, Opportunities and Challenges Facing the Cities, with Emphasis on Sustainable Development
Yunus Shakeri
Abstract
The present paper seeks to review the demographic views, opportunities
and challenges confronting the cities, that is, the issues which are
discussed within the framework of logical relationship between
population and cities and should be taken into account by municipal
managers and planners in order to make better plans for cities and to
serve the citizens. Some of the research findings are as follows: having
an optimistic view on the population growth when the necessary
conditions are available, a proper distribution of demographic space and
establishing social justice in cities, and plans to increase the
population of the country because it is aging in the coming years. Using
a descriptive-analytical method and reviewing the relevant books,
articles, reports and documents, the present paper examines different
demographic views, opportunities and challenges and their effects on
urban environment and provides modus operands for building great cities.
Key words: city, great city, demographic views, municipal services, sustainable development.
A Review of the Factors Influencing Fertility on the Bases of a Multi-level Approach
Mohammad Shiri, Taha Noorollahi, Elham Rostami
Abstract
In recent decades, Iran has undergone considerable demographic changes.
This important fact is manifested by the population growth rate by ٣.٩
percent from ١٣٥٥ to ١٣٦٥ (١٩٧٦-١٩٨٦) and population decline rate by
١.٢٩ percent from ١٣٨٥ to ١٣٩٠ (٢٠٠٦- ٢٠١١). Fertility changes are the
most important factor which contributes to explaining the changes in
population growth. Regarding the provincial differences in fertility in
Iran and the determining role of provincial changes in the future
process of fertility, an investigation of the regional, social, economic
and demographic features seems necessary for explaining fertility.
Using a multi-level analysis method, the present paper mainly seeks to
examine the role of provincial features in explaining fertility. The
data used in this research are gathered from raw percentile data from a
census in ١٣٨٥ (٢٠٠٦) and are classified into personal and provincial
levels.
The research findings indicate that the features of provincial level
have fixed, random and significant effects on the regression coefficient
of personal level in explaining fertility, in such as way that the mean
rate of women's fertility is influenced by the fertility of the
province and mean age of the women who are subject to fertility.
Furthermore, these findings show an important fact, that is, the rate of
the effect of women's educational level on fertility in those provinces
in which the total mean of the number of children born alive is high,
is significantly lower.
Key words: fertility, multi-level modeling, employment, family structure.
Secularization of Family and Its Effect on Population Decline
Seyyed Hamed 'Onvani
Abstract
Along with the scientific revolutions and due to changes in such
concepts as God, life and man; new moralities have been defined, common
element of which is lack of spirituality. This trend, which is called
"secular" attitude, provides a model of life according to which the
relationship between individuals is centered on personal interest. The
conflict between secularism and basis of man's life begins with a
deviation in the philosophy of family existence and moves towards a
change in the thrust of family members' duties, behavior and
responsibilities by changing the direction of the aims of family
formation in order to induce individuals to live separately, spouses to
divorce and women to have emotional and economic independence. This
trend directs people towards birth control. Using a
descriptive-analytical method, the present paper tries to show that
following this trend will cause the family to deviate from its rational
path and threaten the population growth.
Key words: secularism, secularization of family, the
rate of population decline, family institution, mothers' employment,
divorce, celibacy.
A Study of the Effects of Rapid Population Growth on "Marriage Shortage" and Singleness among Girls
Mohammad Reza Hassani
Abstract
The increase in marriage age and singleness, especially among girls,
has been one of the obvious demographic changes in Iran since ١٣٧٠
(١٩٩١). This problem has led to some structural changes, especially in
the cultural and social areas; a problem which necessitates analysis and
elaboration on this issue. Using an analytical method and existing
figures, statistics and studies, the present paper seeks to make
explicit some of the causes of the emergence of "marriage shortage" and
singleness among girls, and explain some of their most important
effects. The research findings show that inclination towards economic
independence, pressure to enter university and labor market, weakness of
moral commitment in the family relations, prevalence of unconventional
relations, inclination towards crime and drug abuse, lack of identity
and mental disorders can be regarded as possible outcomes of singleness
among girls. Finally, the paper provides some suggestions and modus
operands to decrease the bad effects of this problem.
Key words: population growth, age structure, demographic changes, marriage shortage, singleness among girls.