خلاصه مقالات انگلیسى

In The Name of Allah the Compassionate, the Merciful

Abstracts

No ١٩ - ٢٠ of the Quarterly pajuhishhaye Qurani, which is presented to you now, like previous issues, consists of several separate sections. Section one, deals with topical researches on a special subject. This issue's special subject is Imam khomeini (RA) and his ideas and viewpoints on the Quran, interpretation and Quranic issues. In section two, you will read three articles various Quranic issues. And in section three, an article is dedicated to a list of bibliography about Readings of the Quran. A comprehensive list of this issue's articles is as follows:

Section one (Topical Researches)

Imam khomeini's theological - Quranic Ideas

sayyed Musa sadr

In this article, some of Imam khomeini's theological - Quranic viewpoints are touched upon. The writer has, in each discussion, tried to evaluate Imam's viewpoint comparing other theologians. Although discussions in this article are limited to five main categories such as Divine Unity, Prophecyk, Justice, Resurrectional, and Imamate, within each topic different disscutions are brought up. Regarding Divine Unity, issues such as ability of reason to comprehend God, proof of human nature, Divine will, Divine words, devotional unity are reviewed. Regarding Justice, the issues discussed are the philosophy of evils, Divine purposefulness, predestination and free will, and intercession. In the next category, i.e., Resurrection, such as proof of Resurrection, the qvality of Resurrection, the reality of Heaven and Hell, and various kinds of heaven and Hell are brought up. Regarding Prophecy, the issues discussed are philosophy of prophecy, philosophy of difference between religious laws, and infallibility of prophets. And finally, the necessity of Imamate is reviewed.

The Role of the Quran in Imam Khomeini's Mystical Ideas

Hossein Hashemi

The writer has, in this article, dealt with Imam's mystical references in comparison with other mystical schools, and enumerated the features of Imam's mysticism. These features include: epicality, people - considerateness and God - orientedness, mixture of philosophical rationality with mystical intuitionism, purity from paradoxes and innovations, and association between religious law, spiritual path, and reality. The writer considers Imam's and practical mysticism, namely in - religious - Islamic sourced, especially the Quran, since Imam regards all Quranic verses, except verses of ordinances, as containing mystical doctrines. Also, in this article, the mystical aspect of miracle of the Quran and the closeness of mystical language to the Quran are studied, and the Quran is introduced as a criterion and touchstone of rightness and wrongness of mystics' viewpoints and practical wayfaring. In the end, the manifestation of the Quran in Imam's mysticism concerning the concept of meeting with God, ontology, and animism, is studied.

Quranic Sciences from Imam khomeini's point of view

Mohammad Bahrami

This article is organized to express Imam khomeini's viewpoints and beliefs on Quranic Sciences. Although Imam Khomeini has not left behind in his works any independent work regarding the issues and topics on Quranic Sciences, however, within his writings and speeches we see traces which are strongly in relation to Quranic Sciences, and which indicate his accuracy, and deep thinking in this field. The most important topics dealt with in this article are: goal - orientedness in Quranic knowledge; levels of man's taking advantage from the Quran; revelation of the Quran; miracle of the Quran; aspects of miracle of the Quran; objective of miracle; interpretation and allegorical interpretation; definition of interpretation; interpretation of Quran by personal opinion; equivocal verses; domain of allegorical interpretation; allegorical interpretation (whether being) a necessity or deviation; hidden meanings or layers in understanding the Quran; rejection of extremist attitudes regarding allegorical interpretation; condition for approaching the innermost part ot the Quran; detatched letters; expanse of the domain of abrogation; undistortability of the Quran, etc.

Imam khomeini, Interpretation, and Hermeneutics

Ali Heydari Balkhi

In this article, two principal viewpoints on hermeunitics, or interpretation of Holy Scriptures, are introduced and compared. Then, Imam's hermeneutic viewpoints and foundations concerning the Quran interpretation are surveyed. In this following questions: can one use general principles of comprehension of text for interpretation of the Quran? To what extent is a text regarded as a criterion of comprehension? Can one rely on the text irrespective of the author? In this relation, Imam's viewpoint on "authority of apparent meanings" has been used. The writer goes on to review the interpreter's preconceptions and their impact on interpretation from Imam's viewpoint, and compares his viewpoint with that of the classic as well as modern hermeneutics specialists.

Imam khomeini, the Quran, and interpretation

Heyadar Alavi Nejad

Following an introduction about understanding the Quran, the development of Quranic sciences, and exegetical methods since the beginning up to now, the writer deals with the issue of "grasping the Quran" from Imam Khomeini's point of veiw, and similarly, reviews Imam's outlook on the existing exegeses. Imam considers exegesis as expressing the goals and objectives of the Quran, and regards as successful an exegesis that has achieved this purpose successfully. Thus, Imam regards as unsuccessful those exegeses that are unidimentional, or based on personal opinions or incorrect preconceptions, or exegeses which focus on exoteric aspects, or which are eclectic. In principle, Imam maintains that a comprehensive and sound interpretation on the Book of God has not yet been written. He considers the attention to the nature and language of the Quran, as a prerequisite of a sound exegesis. Further on, the meanings of comprehensiveness of the Quran from Imam's viewpoint is touched upon. Imam views understanding the outer aspects and legislative verses as possible, understanding scientific verses as difficult, and understanding mystical verses as impossible except for the perfect Man, namely, the Holy prophet (S.A.W), and his disciple (Commander of the Faithful). At the end of the article seven ways to understand the Quran are presented, and Imam's exegesis is introduced as the "guidance exegesis".

The Quranic origins of Imam's Political Thinking

sayyed Ebrahim sajjadi

In this article, the writer has first dealt with the importance of Imam's political feature and its influence on the world, then has defined the concept and nature of politics from Imam's viewpoint. Imam khomeni (RA) views the Quran as the Book of Rule and considers it as containing all necessary laws for this purpose. Then, using Imam's lectures, the writer analyses Quranic foundations of Imam's political thought, such as God - orientedness; battle with idols and evasion from being dominated; responsibility of scholars in amending political regulations; enpowering and imparting awareness to the masses; and Justice - seeking.

Imam khomeini's Humanistic - Quranic viewpoint

Davood sheybani Daluee

In this article, the writer deals with Imam khomeini's Quranic viewpoints on man, and after stating reasons for the importance of this discussion and its impact an knowledge of religion, theosophy, and other human sciences, he examines Imam's views views about verses of story of Adam (A.S) from humanistic point of view, especially Adam's sin as a predetermines plan in the most perfect "order of being". He, then, introduces Imam's viwepoint concerning the hidden (makhmura) and the veiled nature and the impact of each one on man's becoming an animal of a human being. Imam khomeini deems human nature upon entering the world as devoid of any potentiality in good or evil, and know it as among reason's army and agents. The writer proceeds to deal with absolute freedom in underlying and giving identity to his "self", and talks about the relation of this freedom with his (man's) Divine nature, as well as about the unboundedness of human existense and the mystical interpretatan of the verse concerning man's being Zalum (most crub el) and Jahul (most ignorant) from the viewpoint of Imam, and states the status of man in the order of creation and the features of perfect man. Elucidation of the reality of soul; faculties, and the impact of each faculty on personality: and the high value of soul faculties are among other topics in this article. In the end, Imam khomeini's views concerning man's prosperity and misery, manner of the soul, and man's relation with the world are introduced to the readers.

The Quran and Ethics in Imam khomeini's view

Hossein sharafi

In this article, the writer first touches briefly upon three ethical tenors which include; ١. Life ethics and social synergy, ٢. Rational and philosophical ethics, ٣. Mystical and mystic Journey ethics. The writer maintains that Imam's ethical tenor is adopted from the Quran and Ahl ul - Bayt, though it has similarities and differences with mystical tenor. Then he considers loyalty to religous law, necessity of learning with a teacher, avoidance of self - centeredness, and belief in the spiritual stages, as significant principles of Imam's ethical and mystical Journey. The writer, and self - examination as among strategic principles of purification of soul and emphasizes on devotedness and love of human beings.

Quranic Manifestations in Imam's Poetry

Hadi Rastgar Moqaddom

The writer, in this article, has first briefly introduced different Quranic manifestations in peotry, such as lexical, adaptational, quotational, prose paraphrasitic, explanatory, allusive, and interpretational manifestations, and then has given examples of Imam's poems in which the Quran is manifested, pointing out the kind of Quranic manifestation in each couplet.

Imam khomeini and Goal - oriented Interpretation

Abd us - Salam Zayn al - Abedin

This wtiting is mainly arranged on the following bases: ١. From Imam's viewpoint, the main and essential objective of Islam is to make up humans, and this is confirmed by many verses from the Quran. ٢. who is a real exegete? Taking into acount the goals and objectives of the Quran is the first and the most essential requirement that the exegete must meet. The exegete should not mingle exegesis with tools for understanding the Quran. Otherwise, he will be unable to have an optimum understanding of the Quran, and will give people something which is not among the Quran's objectives. An evident example of this in Tantavi's exegesis. ٣. How to delineate the Quran's objectives? The best way to recognize the Quran's objectives, according to Imam, is through the verses of the Quran. The writer tries to delineate the objectives of the Quran through Imam's interpretation of the verses.

Exegetical Method of Imam khomeini

Abd us - Salam Zayn al - Abedin

The article, hereby, introduces elements of rational contemplation, mystical intuition, and traditional - narative as among the main elements of Imam's exegetical method. In rational contemplation, the writer indicates Imam's viewpoint on the Hadith, "whoever interprent the Quran by his personal opinion...", as well as the diferences between interpretation by personal opinion and appropriate interpretation. In the second element, the mystical intuition, he regards the reasons for the validity of intuition method from the viewpoints of mystical exegetes, as follows: ١. The Quran, including three bases of: reality and essence of the Quran; verses of vision and intuition; and verses of Divine knowledge. ٢. Narrations which indicate the effect of mystical intuition and "vision through heart" on acquiring divine knowledge. ٣. Evolutionary relation between mysticism and demonstration (Burhan) which is of a coordination and not contradiction and separation kind as regarded by some. Mysticism and demonstration interact one onother, and the functions of demonstration in mysticism are as follows: ١. Demonstration, the way of mysticism, ٢. Demonstration, mysticism scale, ٣. Demonstration, as formative of mysticism. Similarly, the function of mysticism is summed up in these topics: ١. Mysticism is perceiving demonstration, ٢. the role of mysticism in expanding horizons of demostvation. Also, in the last element of Imam's exegetical method, narrations of ordinances and narrations of Divine and ideological knowledge are taken into consideration.

section II: Quranic Monographs

The Revelationality of the Quran Structure

Hassan Kharaqani

This article attempts to search into the way the present order and structure of the Quran was organized in the era of the prophet (s.a.w), and tries to prove that selection of words and systematizing them into verses, arranging the verses into chapters, as well as the order of the chapters in the form the Quran, have been done through Divine Revelation. The writer analyzes each one of the above assertions and proves them with intellectual, traditional, and historical evidence. Also, regarding the order of the chapters as being revelational, he points out three viewpoints presented by resarchers of the Quran, and criticizes the arguments presented by those who believe in the compilation of the Quran in the era of the prophet (s.a.w) or its compilation in the time of the companions.

Vicegerency of Man in the Quran

Mohammad Hashem Zamani

This article has mainly focused on reviewing the status of man's vicegerency and his position in the "order of being" as well as his proximity and rank. The writer is trying in this article to express in detail various viewpoints and replies available on the following three questions: ١. who is a vicegerent? In reply to this question, four views are presented. ٢. what is vicegerency? Three general answers are given to this question. ٣. How did the angels find out about the corruption and bloodshed of the vicegerent? To reply this question, eight viewpoints are brought up. In the end, the writer has analysed and studied all the above outlooks.

Remarks on the Early verses of the Sura'

Alaq Oree Robin

trans. by Morteza karimi Nia The writer of this article has stated some remarks on the exegesis and commentary of the early verses of 'Alaq, such as: the meaning of "reading in the name of Lord"; the first verses revealed to the prophet (s.a.w); how the Revelation descended on the prophet (s.a.w), and several points in this regard. The writer, for each of the above issues, has referred to a variety of references in English and Arabic written by orientalists and Islamic scholars, and has presented accurate analyses accordingly.

Section III: Bibliography

Bibliography of Readings of the Quran (part ٢)

Hossein Ashori

This article is the second part of the bibliographical list on resources and works written about readings of the Quran, of which the first part was printed in the previous issue. In this list, around ٦٠٠ books written about the emergence of readings, differences of reading, causes and aspects of readings, Farsh ul - Huruf of readings differences, vocalisation, pause and exordium, and other relevant issues are introduced and specifications of each book, such as, title, name of the writer, number of pages, place and date of publication are given.