Table of Contents
The Relationship between God-Awareness and Self- Awareness / Mas'ood Nooralizadeh Miyanji, Abulqasim Bashiri, Mas'ood Janbozorgi................................................................................................................................................ ٥
The Relationship between Righteousness and Courtesy and Personality, Religion, and Subjective Well-being(SWB) / Nasir Aqababaii.................................................................................................................................. ٢٥
The Effect of lesser pilgrimage to Mecca on Mental Health and Happiness / Mohammad Reza Ahmadi, 'Abbas Ali Haratiyan................................................................................................................................................................................ ٤١
Moral Development: Change in Modern Approaches / Sadiq Karimzadeh ...................................................٦٣
The Design and Validation of Spiritual outlook Measurement Questionnaire / Shahriyar Shahidi, Sa'eedeh Farajniya................................................................................................................................................................................................ ٩٧
The Effect of Intervention Based on Spiritual Self and Family Self on the Decrease of University Students' Depression Signs / Muhsen Seyfi, Ahmad E'temadi, Abdullah Shafi'abadi.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ١١٧
The Relationship between Religious Orientation, Coping Styles, and Happiness of University Students / Fariborz Sadiqi Arfa'ii, Mohammad Reza Tamannaeifar, 'Atefeh 'Abedinabadi ..........١٣٥
The Relationship between Religious Orientation, Coping Styles, and Happiness of University Students
Fariborz Sadiqi Arfa'ii*, Mohammad Reza Tamannaeifar**, 'Atefeh 'Abedinabadi***
Abstract
The present paper tries to study the relationship between religious orientation, coping styles, and happiness of university students. To this end, a sample including ٣٨٦ students was selected from statistical universe (all students of Kashan University in the academic year of ١٣٩٠-١٣٩١ "AH"-solar), and Allport's religious orientation questionnaire, Endler's and Parker's inventory of coping with stressful situations, and Oxford happiness questionnaire were used to gather data. Such statistical indexes as Pearson correlation, variance analysis, t-test, and regression were used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant positive relationship between internal religious orientation and problem-oriented coping style (r=٠/٢٦), that there was a significant positive relationship between internal religious orientation and happiness (r=٠/١٦), and that among the coping styles the problem-oriented one has a significant positive relationship with happiness (r=٠/٤١).
Key words: religious orientation, coping style, happiness, university students.
The Effect of Intervention Based on Spiritual Self and Family Self on the Decrease of University Students' Depression Signs
Muhsen Seyfi*, Ahmad E'temadi**, Abdullah Shafi'abadi***
Abstract
The present paper tries to compile the protocol of this intervention
and evaluate the rate of its effectiveness in treating depression. ٢٤
female students of 'Allamah Tabatabaii University who had signs of
depression based on Beck's depression test and clinical interview were
randomly selected and divided into two groups (treatment group and
control group). Then a twelve-session protocol of intervention based on
spiritual self and family self were conducted on experiment group.
T-test was used to analyze the data. The research findings showed that
the subjects who had received intervention based on spiritual self and
family self had less signs of depression than the control group. The
follow-up results showed that this intervention is more effective to
reduce the signs of depression in experiment group than in control
group.
Key words: spiritual self, family self, depression, psychotherapy
The Design and Validation
of Spiritual outlook Measurement Questionnaire
Shahriyar Shahidi*, Sa'eedeh Farajniya**
Abstract
The present paper aims at designing and validating a questionnaire in
order to "measure spiritual outlook". Accordingly, a test including
forty three items with five choices was designed using "Likert scale
scoring" system. The face and content validity of items were analyzed
though asking the opinions of ١٩ expert professors, and their
reliability was obtained (٠/٦١) through conducting the test on ٤٠
university students using "test-retest" method with a five- week
interval. Then the questionnaire was completed by ٢٣٥ students of Shahid
Beheshti University and two factors with the special amount above ٥
were identified using factor analysis by "varimax rotation" method.
These two factors were as follows: "spiritual outlook", and "spiritual
ability". Furthermore, internal consistency of questionnaire (٠/٩١) was
obtained through calculating Cornbach's Alpha. The research findings
showed that the questionnaire of "measuring spiritual outlook "has
appropriate validity and reliability and can be used as an appropriate
tool for conducting research on spirituality and spiritual development.
Key words: questionnaire, outlook, spiritual, validity, reliability.
Moral Development: Change in Modern Approaches
Sadiq Karimzadeh*
Abstract
The present paper investigates and criticizes old and modern approaches
to moral development and change in main orientations towards scientific
study on it. The subject is studied through content analysis and its
aim is to provide a framework for future comparative studies, specially
in the field of religious ethics. Studies conducted in the past
emphasize on the formation of superego and identification with the
same-sex parent, trends based on individual's environmental influences,
specially external reinforcements, child's dependency drive,
observational learning process, self-organization trend, and reasoning
system to understand social relations. Substitute conceptualizations
have provided new insights as to the formation of the Four Component
Model of Morality, the issue of procedural justice, considering others'
view, self-perception, social reasoning, contractualism, and moral
identity. The most important achievements of these orientations are as
follows: emphasis on developmental-substitutional model versus
phased-cumulative model, focus on trivial structures in ethics versus
hierarchical cohesion and structural unity, emphasis on moral schema
instead of stages, treatment of other domains of social-cognitive
development versus neglecting them, focus on moral personality as the
aim.
Key words: moral development, modern approaches, change.
The Effect of lesser pilgrimage to Mecca on Mental Health and Happiness
Mohammad Reza Ahmadi*, 'Abbas Ali Haratiyan**
Abstract
The present paper studied the influence of lesser pilgrimage to Mecca
on university students' happiness and mental health. The statistical
universe included all student caravans to Mecca to perform lesser
pilgrimage in ١٣٨٦ ('AH-solar). The statistical sample included ١٠٤
university students who were selected from two student caravans through
cluster sampling. A semi-experimental method was used in this research.
The data were analyzed using t-test, variance analysis, and Scheffe’s
method. Oxford ٢٩-item happiness questionnaire and ٢٨ item questionnaire
of general health were used in this research. The subjects completed
these questionnaires in three stages, that is, one month before the
pilgrimage (pretest), one day after performing the lesser pilgrimage
(posttest), and one month after returning from pilgrimage (follow-up).
The research findings showed that performing lesser pilgrimage
influenced and increased subjects' level of happiness, and improved
their mental health.
Key words: lesser pilgrimage, happiness, mental health.
The Relationship between Righteousness and Courtesy and Personality, Religion, and Subjective Well-being(SWB)
Nasir Aqababaii*
Abstract
The present paper aims at recognizing the position of righteousness and
courtesy in personality and religion, and the relationship between
these two virtues and subjective well-being. A sample including ٤٥٠
university students who were selected through available method
participated in this research. "HEXACO-٦٠ personality inventory ",
"self-evaluation scale of spirituality", scale of interest in religion",
"single-item scales of religious orientation", "scale of subjective
happiness, "and" scale of life satisfaction" were used to gather data.
The research findings supported six-trait structure of HEXACO-٦٠
personality inventory. Righteousness-courtesy as an independent factor
was along with five traits of personality. This new trait had a positive
relationship with religiousness and subjective well-being. The review
of religious texts and experimental data showed that righteousness is of
greater importance than courtesy for religiousness and well-being.
According to this research, HEXACO inventory is a valid scale and
righteousness-courtesy is an independent personality trait which has a
positive role in well-being.
Key words: personality, HEXACO personality inventory, righteousness, courtesy, religion, subjective well-being.
The Relationship between God-Awareness and Self- Awareness
Mas'ood Nooralizadeh Miyanji*, Abulqasim Bashiri**, Mas'ood Janbozorgi***
Abstract
The present paper aims at investigating the relationship between
God-awareness and self-awareness and elaborating on the role of
God-awareness in self-awareness. The research method is correlative and
retrogressive. ٢٢٥ individuals were selected through random cluster
sampling. The data were analyzed by God-awareness test and integrative
self-knowledge scale which have necessary validity and reliability, as
well as Pearson correlation, regression and other statistical indexes.
The research findings showed that there was a significant positive
relationship between God-awareness and self-awareness and that
God-awareness has a predictive role in self-awareness. These findings
also indicate an important dimension of religiousness in expounding how
it influences psychological functions. An increase in God-awareness will
result in an increase in self-awareness. Furthermore, an increase in
the knowledge and awareness of science of religion and religious
commitment will result in an increase in God-awareness and
self-awareness. Therefore, God-awareness as the fundamental factor of
unity at the top of man's psychological organization exerts influence on
the process of self-awareness in better functioning of "self",
integrity and unity of personality and other psychological functions.
Key words: God-awareness, self-awareness, self, awareness, evocation(remembrance), religiousness
* Assistant professor of Kashan University, responsible writer [email protected]
** Assistant professor of Kashan University [email protected]
*** MA student of educational psychology Aabedin٨١@yahoo.com
Received: ٢٠١٢/٤/٥- Accepted: ٢٠١٢/١٠/٣٠
* PhD student of counseling, 'Allamah Tabatabaii University [email protected]
** Associate professor of counseling department, 'Allamah Tabatabaii University [email protected]
*** professor of counseling department, 'Allamah Tabatabaii University
Received: ٢٠١٢/٧/٢٢- Accepted: ٢٠١٢/١١/٢٦
* associate professor of psychology department, Shahid Beheshti University [email protected]
** MA student of counseling, Al-Zahra University [email protected]
Received: ٢٠١١/١١/٢٣- Accepted: ٢٠١٢/١٠/١٤
* Assistant professor of IKI Skarimzadeh١٧٨@Yahoo.com
Received: ٢٠١٢/٥/٢٨- Accepted: ٢٠١٢/٩/٣٠
* Assistant professor of IKI m.r.Ahmadi٣١٣@Gmail.com
** Graduate of Seminary and MA student of psychology, IKI [email protected]
Received: ٢٠١٢/٥/١٥ - Accepted: ٢٠١٢/٩/١٧
* PhD student of general psychology, 'Allamah Tabatabaii University [email protected]
Received: ٢٠١٢/٥/١٩ - Accepted: ٢٠١٢/١١/٢٦
*. Graduate of High level of Seminary and MA of psychology [email protected]
** Assistant professor of IKI
*** Assistant professor of University and Seminary research center.
Received: ٢٠١٢/٦/١٦- Accepted: ٢٠١٢/١٠/١٨