معرفت اخلاقی - موسسه آموزشی پژوهشی امام خمینی (ره) - الصفحة ٩

Ali Hussienzade*

Abstract

The present study seeks to explain the meaning of respect to spouse, its necessary conditions, obstacles, instances and ways of mutual respect between wife and husband, and its outcomes. The aim of the research is to find the best solution to life stability and consistency, to tranquility and gaiety of family members and provisioning their demands, to meet their material and spiritual needs, and to find happiness and welfare. Research method is analytical- descriptive, which is based on religious and psychological data. The findings of this research are: the necessity of attention to personality traits and differences between wife and husband, their personal preferences and understanding of each other's behaviors, and understanding different examples and instances of showing respect for espouse.

Key words: model of respect, family, espouses, joint marital life, family management

Hans Kung/ Translated by Seyyed Hussein Sharaf Al-deen*

Abstract

Is it not a great and pleasant illusion to expect to achieve a moral consensus and an agreement on values, norms, and certain attitudes for this emerging global community? In view of the fact that there are always differences between nations, cultures, and religions, that there are tendencies towards cultural, linguistic, and religious self-assertion, and that there exist widespread cultural nationalism, linguistic prejudices, and religious fundamentalism, does moral consensus essentially make any sense and significance in today's world and its universal dimensions? Can we claim that exactly because of the very dilemma, a moral consensus is necessary? The present paper aims at reinvestigating the possibility of a universal moral consensus and agreement on values and norms in today's world.

Key words: morals, mniversal morals, minimal morals, cultural nationalism, justice, coexistence

Fateme Hashemi* / Alireza Noroozi**

Abstract

This paper aims at enquiry into the al-Farabi's views on how to obtain the happiness of individual and society. Taking an analytic- descriptive approach to the subject in question, the paper uses primary resources to analyze al-Farabi's ideas on moral training. Since al-Farabi had command of both Greek Philosophy and revealed school of Islam and traditions of the Impeccable Imams (p.b.u.t), his thought can be a very useful guide in current situation. Even though al-Farabi has basically spoken of socio-political issues, he gives priority to individual and society. He considers man a free being, and believes that it is possible for every individual to change (his/her) morals. He considers man as a social being, who cannot achieve happiness unless he or she receives assistance from other members of the society. He maintains that the sanity of individual and society are mutually influential, and that a utopia can be achieved through training sane individuals. People's moral sanity and faith are immune in this utopia. Therefore, he proposes some principles and methods to change evil deeds and create good ones.

Key words: al-Farabi, happiness, Utopia, training goals, training Principles and methods, ethics

Mohammad 'Alemzade Noori*

Abstract

In view of the fact that man's spiritual training and bringing about any (positive) change in his soul require mental and psychological concentration, it is worthy to devote this concentration to a more influential issue on man's personality to make training activities optimized and productive.

There are many training approaches to answer" what is the object of this concentration?" Some of these approaches are: morality of generosity and chivalry, affection and love, morality as moral code, knowledge of God, self-esteem, self- knowledge, self- moderation, will, deed, guardianship and affection to Imams, supplication and

Much evidence for these issues can be found in religious sources, which are mutually exclusive, at first glance. At least five proposals can be offered to solve the problem: denial of the principle of necessity of concentration; different strategies in term of different temperaments of trainee; different strategies in terms of different personality traits; step by step phased strategy; puzzle-like pluralistic strategy.

Key words: moral and spiritual training, man's growth, strategy of training

Seyyed Ahmad Faqeehi*

Abstract

Man's happiness in this world and the Hereafter relies on purification of soul, which is literally called "moral training". In this respect, it is necessary to find methods and regulate them. The present paper tries to offer a pattern for methods of moral training, and regulate them according to the reality of deed performance, with a logical and operational order, and people's different levels and abilities. On the one hand, in view of the fact that voluntary deed is based on insight, tendency and power of decision making, and the deed itself, accordingly, these methods are divided into three groups. On the other hand, factors influencing moral training are divided into three groups- predisposing, positive, and removing the obstacles-, so these methods are divided into other three groups. In addition, people are divided at least into three groups according to their different levels and abilities. As a result, these methods are divided into even other three groups, accordingly. Based on these preliminaries and multiplication of aforementioned groups, there will be a pattern with twenty- nine sub-groups. Among the features of this pattern are: generality, logical order, emphasis on cognition, and graded and longitudinal methods.

Key words: pattern, method, moral training, tendency, predisposing positive

Qolam Heidar Koosha*

Abstract

Religion as a "set of convictions, precepts, and morals with divine and revealed origin, and ethics as a " set of attributes and deeds characterized by goodness and badness" are interconnected and meet each other's needs. Hence, both of them have roles and functions in each other's realm. Religion has functions in three domains of" knowledge",

"justification" and" norm", which helps Reason explain goodness and badness, state particular moral rules, and explains moral objectives. Religion guarantees the eternity of moral principles. Altruism, self-sacrifice, generosity, etc are only justified through belief in God, in other worldly reckoning and retribution. Furthermore, God's support and disapproval, as the ideal Overseer in ethics, are considered as a cause to justify moral acts. Devine decree, as a norm of moral rules, is accompanied with such issues as relativism and variability of goodness and badness. However, the more appropriate form of religious norm of ethics discusses the good pleasure of God as the most complete proof of happiness in ethics, and accepts that eventually the good pleasure of God and winning His favor are the final norms in ethics.

Key words: religion, ethics, religious morals, foundation of ethics, religious foundation of ethics.

Ahmad Dabiri*

Abstract

Virtue is a kind of desirable personality trait, also known as moral character. In defining the meaning of "virtue", eudaemonists emphasize on such facts as" internal attribute" " habit and practice" " motivation" and" essentiality of some human attributes such as care". The most important interpretation of virtue ethics are divided into three groups: eudaemonist, agent-based, and care ethics. The most important features of virtuism are emphasis on virtuous character of moral agent, priority of the concepts of goodness and badness over the concepts of "ought" and "ought not", attaching importance to such issues as motives and internal thoughts, paying attention to the role of moral exemplars, and considering moral virtues as objective. Examples of versions of moral virtuism are: teleological and non-teleological, agent-based and agent- oriented, reductionist and non-reductionist, religious and secular version. Some are unitarianist and others are pluralist concerning different kinds of virtues. Pluralists are often particularistic and anti-theorist. Some critics have objected the virtue ethics.

Key words: virtue, moral character, happiness, agent-based, care

* Assistant Professor Kashan University hoseinzadi١١٠١١٠@yahoo.com

Received: ٢٠١٠.٩.١٣ - Accepted: ٢٠١١.١.٢٩

* Faculty Member, Imam Khomeini I.E.R [email protected]

Received: ٢٠١٠.٤.٢٣ - Accepted: ٢٠١١.١.٥

* M.A Student of History [email protected]

** Assistant Professor Isfahan University Received: ٢٠١٠.٤.١٩ - Accepted: ٢٠١١.٢.١٤

* Graduate from Seminary [email protected]

Received: ٢٠١٠.١٠.٢ - Accepted: ٢٠١١.١.٣٠

* Assistant Professor, Imam Khomeini I.E.R. [email protected]

Received: ٢٠١٠.١٠.١٤ - Accepted: ٢٠١١.٣.٣

* M.A in Sociology [email protected]

Received: ٢٠١٠.٩.٢ - Accepted: ٢٠١١.٢.٢٢

* Ph.D Student dabiri١٤@yahoo.com

Received: ٢٠١٠.١٢.٢٦ - R: ٢٠١١.٢.٢٨

Table of Contents

Ethics in Term of Virtue / Ahmad Dabiri

The Role of Religion in Stabilizing the Foundations of Ethics / Qolam Heidar Koosha

Designing a Pattern to Classify Methods of Moral Training / Seyyed Ahmad Faqeehi

The Strategy of Moral Training / Mohammad 'Alemzade Noori

An Analysis of Moral Training in Farabi's viewpoint / Fateme Hashemi/ Alireza Noroozi

Universal Morals as a basis for Global community / Hans Kung/ Translated by Seyyed Hussein Sharaf Al-deen

Mutual Respect and its Role in Joint Marital Life / Ali Hussienzade

In the Name of Allah

 Ma'rifat-i Ākhlaqī Vol.٢, No.١

A Quarterly Journal of Ehtical KnowledgeWinter ٢٠١١

Concessionary: Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute

Manager: Mahmud Fathali

Editor in chief: Ahmad Hossein Sharifi

Editorial Board:

Dr. Mohssen Javadi: Associate Professor, Qom University

Dr. AbualFazl Sajedi: Associate Professor, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute

Dr. Mohammad Saidi Mehr: Associate Professor Tarbiyat Mudarris University

Dr. Ahmad Hossein Sharifi: Assistant Professor Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute

Dr. Mohammad Ali Shomali: Associate Professor, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute

Dr. Mahmud Fathali: Assistant Professor Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute

Dr. Mohammad Fanaii: Associate Professor, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute

Mojtaba Mesbah: Assistant Professor Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute

Address: Ma'rifat-i Ākhlaqī

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