خلاصه مقالات انگلیسى

In The Name of Allah the Compassionate, the Merciful

Abstracts

The Quarterly pajuhishhaye Qurani, No. ١٧ & ١٨ is now presented to you. Like previous issues, this one also consists of several separate sections, of which the first is dedicated to topical researches on a special subject. This issue's special subject is Martyr Mutahari. In the second section, you will read the monographs about various Quranic topics. And in the third section, an article is dedicated to the contents of a bibliography.

Section one (Topical Researches)

Understanding the Quran from the Viewpoint of Martyr Mutahari

Sayyed Musa sadr

In this article understanding and interpretation of the Quran from the viewpoint of Martyr Mutahari is discussed. At first, the writer has dealt with theories available on nature and the process of understanding a text as well as the impacts and prerequisites of those theories, and then has discussed Martyr Mutahari's viewpoints comparing those theories. Topics such as: Understanding the Quran; understandability of the Quran; humerous understandings of the Quran and the correctly understanding the Quran are among the topics talked about in this article.

Mutahari and Fitra (primordial Nature) in the Quran

Sayyed Hossein Hashemi

This article studies the status of Fitra theory in the thought system of Martyr Mutahari. In the first part, the background of this theory in the history of human and Islamic thought is discussed, and then the concept of Fitra and its difference with instinct and nature is dealt with. The most important part of the article includes primordial nature of man in two areas of dispositions and cognitions which the writer, upon explaining the concept and principles of cognitions and natural dispositions, regards as the cornerstone of human knowlege and a burning fire in the souls of human beings which as long as man exists will not suffet absolute extinction. The writer goes on to discuss the gnostic goals of Fitra theory in two domains of in - religious and out - religious knowledge, and states that such issues as servitued, universality of call to Islam, Muhammad (s.a.w) as the last of the prophets, essential unity of religions, eternality of the principles of human ethics are the in - rel igious outcome of Fitra theory. According to the writer, evolution of the individual and the society, genuineness of each one of them, education of man, evolution of history, etc.,are only comprehensible in the light of understaning the Fitra theory from an Islamic viewpoint.

The Quran and freedom as viewed by Ustad Mutahari

Muhammad Bahrami

In this article, the course of encounter with the category of freedom followed by Muslim thinkers, is dealt with, and then the viewpoint of Martyr Mutahari on the concept of freedom; negative and positive freedom; freedom and God - consciousness; freedom as being means or end; freedom of thinking and freedom of opinion and their differences; syncretism of beliefs with human perfection; strife against false beliefs; Jihad (holy war) and freedom of opinion and freedom of speech and pen, are surveyed through the use of the Quranic verses.

Martyr Mutahari and the Educational Viewpoints of the Quran

Sayyed Ebrahim Sajjadi

Martyr Mutahari, as a philosopher, exegete, and instructor has studied the educational ideas of the Quran on the two bases of philosophy of education and educational strategies. In the first part of this article, trainability of man; allegorical essence of the world; bi'tha (Prophecy) and education; the meaning of education, the reality of habits and educational goals and fundamentals such as the sense of karama (an extraordinary act); the sense of truth - seeking, public conscience, and God - seeking, are explained. And in the second part, security, physical health and freedom as requirements of education are introduced; and then constructive factors for human beings are reviewed, which are enlisted as follows: thinking, faith, action, worship, affliction, benevolence, and social environment. In the end the necessity of paying attention to various dimensions of man's personality in relation to education is emphasized.

cognition in the Quran from Mutahari's viewpoint

Sayyed Muhammad Hossein Moballeq

Gnosiology, or epistemology, is a branch of philosophy which studies man's capability in knowing the reality and the way to attain it. The present article, after a glance at the history of congnition, deals with the status and significance of this issue in Martyr Mutahari's words and thought, and elaborates on his Quranic outlook in this regard. It goes on to survey the backgrounds and factors of fallacy and misleading of reason in cognition and the possibility of certainty in cognition. Furthermore, tools for attaining cognition from the viewpoints of western thinkers and Martyr Mutahari are compared, and in the end issues such as absolutenes or relativity of truth, the relation of being true and being useful, the criterion of true cognition, etc., in the light of Martyr Mutahari's Quranic ideas, are discussed.

Martyr Mutahary and women's Rights in the Quran

Hossein Sharafi

In this article, the writer examines the outlook of religion and the Quran on legal issues of women, and the Quran's replies to the principal Questions in this regard in the light of Ustad Mutahari's viewpoints. Other topics which have been discussed and studied with the help of the Quranic ideas of martyr of Martyr Mutahari are as follows: equality and unequality of men's and women's rights; dowery in the legal system of the Quran; women's right of ownership; women's economical independence; their presence in social and economic arenas; women's share in inheritance; women's hijah (veil) and chastity; men's authority in divorce; the role of family in intermediation and arbitration in differences; women and authority to divorce; poligamy, etc.,

Religion and Society in Martyr Mutahari's view

Musa Hosseiny

This article deals with the role of religion in society in Mutahari's view. The writer believes that Mutahari's viewpiont on the role of religion in society is based on his humanistic viewpoints; thus, in the beginning, he has discussed basic topics in Mutahari's humanistic views, and then has touched upon the role of religion on three bases: emergence of a society, durability of a socity, and maturity of a socicty.

Mutahari and healthy Man in view of the Quran

Sayyed Heydar Alavi Nejad

In the first part this article, pointing out that only by knowing man's real and genuine needs it is possible to find out his mental illnesses and causes of his fall, the writer has dealt with human needs. Then, he has divided the needs into four categories of primary, secondary, common, and special, and regarded the sense of worship of religious faith as the most important human need and motive. In the next part, he has studied the impact of this sense on psychological and social health, and has introduced the way to attain unity of human personality, which is psychologically the vital and key factor in human health. In the part, the writer has reviewed the most important feature of Islamic viewpoint and its difference with other viewpoints, and has also proven the manifoldedness of Islamic viewpoint and its being free from deficiencies and narrow - mindedness.

Manifestations of Quranic Research in Ustad Mutahari's works

Muhammad Hossein Mussavi

In this article, regarding Mutahari's extensive deep familiarity with Quranic knowledge, manifestations of Quranic research in his works are examined. Other topics brought up here include possibility of understanding the Quran, and the proper way of understanding it. Furthemore, emphasizing the need for familiarity, with the language of the Quran, it is claimed that the Quran uses two languages to impart its message: the first is logical reasoning and the Quran's call to rationality, its use of the cause and effect system, and dealing with the philosophy of ordinances; the other language of the Quran is that of feeling. the article goes on to study the requirements of finding a way into the sanctuary of the Quran which are as follows: being familiar with Arabic language, the history of Islam, Islamic traditions, etc., and in the end, the method of making impressions from the allegorical verses of the Quran, and the rejection of making superficial and eclectic impressions from the Quran in view of Martyr Mutahari, are analyzed.

A Glance at Interpretive Method of Martyr Mutahari

Hamid Faqfoor Maqrebi

Following a review of Ustad Mutahari's interpretive works, his interpretive method is death with in this article and ١٨ features are mentioned in this regard, and for each one of them one or more examples from Ustad's words are given. the features mentioned include: attending to the interpretation of Quran through Quran, ijtahadi (discretional) and rational interpretation of the Quran, making use of valid traditions, studying the history of each topic, attending to the goal (s) of each chapter, main and peripherial look at topical exegesis, division of a chapter into various parts, paying close attention to the key concepts of exegesis, studying of verses of ordinance having social tendency, taking advantage of modern scientific theories, stating diferent viewpoints, impressionability from tafsir al - Mizan, etc.

section two (Quranic Monographs)

Creation of Man in the light of the Quran

Kamal ad - Din Ghurab

It is clamed in this article that the Quran has mentioned man by four titles or terms which include: Insan (human), Nas (the men), Bashar (mandkind) and Adam, each of which applies to one feature of man. Among these, the term Bashar considers man as a biological creature with a special nature. following this statement, the article proceeds to survey and discuss this term and the manner and phases of creating man, and studies each phase separately with the use of Quranic verses.

Abu Moslem Esfahani and his Tafsir

Muhammad Hassan Rabbani

Abu Moslem Esfahani is a renowned Jurist and theologian of the third century (A.H) and of the great men among the Mu'tazilites, who has a high - ranking stautus in the exegesis of the Quran. His exegetical work, though unavailable now, is well - known. This article delves into Abu Moslem's scholarly personality and his Tafsir, with reliance on the information and quotations from this Tafsir remained in other sources. In other parts of this article, the degree to which other exegetes have taken advantage of Abumoslem's Taffsir, his exegetical Method, his criterion in exegesis, and exegetes' view on the words of Abu Moslem are toxched upon. furthermore, Abu Moslem's famous outlook on abrogation, that is, unaccepting the abrogation in the Quran, along with reasons and examples are brought up and; in some cases, are criticized. other parts of the article deal with Abu moslem's exactitude in language, and his view on Quranic stories, denial of figurative expressions, and interpretation of t he Quran by personal opinion. In the end, contempraries of Abu Moslem among emegetes and Quran researchers are briefly introduced in order to make the reader familiar with his era.

An Introduction to Quranic studies

Hassan Kharaqani

In this article, knowledge related to the Quran or useful in understanding it is divided into three groups: introductory knowlege, knowledge within the Quran, and the Quran - oriented knowledge, the latter being proclaimed as equivalent to the term "Quranic studies". Next, a definition of this term, the number of Quranic studies, and the related classifications are presented. In this regard, all types of Quranic studies are considered as divisible into eight major topics. Finally, the historical course in the formulation of Quranic studies in dealt with and the most significant sources of this art are introduced.

The Holy scripture in view of western thinkers

Muhammad farfad

In this article viewpoints of western thinkers on the following issues are presented: ١. Definition of the Holy scripture, ٢. The origin of the Holy scripture, including its being revealed or being dynamically or mechanically revealed, ٣. writers of the Holy scripture, including the writers of the old Testament, the New testament and the Bibles of Mathew, Mark, Luke, and John, ٤. Incongruities of the Holy scripture, such as incongruity of the old with the New Testament or verses of each one with one another, or the incongruity, of their verses with science or beliefs and opinions, ٥. similar or syncretic Bibles, including similarities or congruities of Bibles with each other and the provided solutions in this regard such as reference to oral and written sources, ٦. Distortion of the Holy Texture, including presentation of some examples in this regard.

Rhetorical Exegesis and the Miracle of the Quran

Isa G.Bolata - translated by Hossein forusanfar

This article is a translated chapter of "Approaches to the History of Interpretation of the Holy Quran" by Isa G. Bolata. First, it studies the philosophy of the miracle of the Quran; then emphasizes the need for viewing the Quran as a miracle, after that; it goes on to examine in detail the traces of researches and investigational attitudes towards different aspects of this issue as well as the history of writing in this regard since third century up to the present. The article, further on, introduces the most important scholars, who have researched on and written about rhetorical and literal miracle of the Quran, such as Jahiz and Nazzam or Abdulkarim Khatib and Ayeshah Abd Ur - Rahman Bint al - Shati. And finally, it examines the viewpoints of several westerners in this relation.

section Three (Bibligraphy)

A Bibliography of Readings of the Quran

Hossein Ashuri

In this collection, after studying the definition of the term "bibliography" withe use of relevant sourced, books and sources written about the science of Readings (e.g. the history of emergence of Readings, differences between Readings, causes and aspects of Readings, and Farsh ul - Huruf) are introduced. over ٦٠٠ books are listed here, and for each item features such as title, author's hame, number of page, place of pulication, date of publication, and some other features are mentioned. This list is made up of two parts; the firs part is printed in this issue and the second part will be presented in the next issu of this Quarterly.