incheon framework for action - --- - الصفحة ٣١ - Financing

Education ٢٠٣٠ Framework for Action

Agenda for Sustainable Development. It will also report on the implementation of national and international strategies to help hold all relevant partners to account for their commitments as part of the overall SDG follow-up and review.

١٠٢. The collection, analysis and use of data will be further strengthened by encouraging a ‘data revolution’ based on recommendations of the UN Secretary-General’s Independent Expert Advisory Group on a Data Revolution for Sustainable Development.[١٦] To address current data gaps, agencies need to improve coordination, including strengthening existing inter-agency groups and establishing new ones, to develop harmonized methodologies for deriving common estimates based on available data, while developing new comparative data sources as necessary. Countries and agencies should strengthen and standardize data on domestic resource mobilization and other streams of finance for education, including household contributions. Countries and agencies will also benefit from participating in proposed mechanisms to further develop standards, build capacity, collect necessary information and share data.

١٠٣. Moreover, a research and evaluation culture is necessary at the national and international levels to learn lessons from the implementation of strategies and policies and feed them back into actions. At the national level, countries should evaluate the effect of their education policies on achieving the Education ٢٠٣٠ targets. They must build on monitoring results and research findings to ensure effective evidence-based decisions and results-oriented programmes. An evaluation process would look at all components of an education system with the aim of sharing lessons, opening debate on what works and providing constructive feedback. Key principles for the evaluation approach include the centrality of teaching and learning quality; the importance of school leadership; equity and inclusion as key dimensions; transparency; and partner participation at all levels. Overall, evaluation activities should contribute to the accomplishment of both accountability and development objectives. Furthermore, at the global level, the convening agencies commit to evaluating the effectiveness of their coordination mechanisms and the extent to which their programmes support countries in implementing Education ٢٠٣٠.

Financing

١٠٤. The Oslo Summit on Education (July ٢٠١٥) [[xliii]] and the Third International Conference on Financing for Development (Addis Ababa, July ٢٠١٥) affirmed that a significant increase in financing is required to achieve SDG ٤. Full realization of the Education ٢٠٣٠ agenda requires sustained, innovative and well-targeted financing and efficient implementation arrangements, especially in those countries furthest from achieving quality education for all at all levels and in emergency situations. Recognizing the finance and resource challenges, the Oslo Summit established a high-level Commission on the Financing of Global Education Opportunities as a decisive first step to reinvigorate the case for investment in education and to reverse the current underfunding. Efforts to close the funding gap must start with domestic funding. At the same time, international public finance plays an important role in complementing the efforts of countries to mobilize public resources domestically, especially in the poorest and most vulnerable countries with limited domestic resources. Alternative and innovative funding approaches will also be needed.

١٠٥. The Addis Ababa Action Agenda [[xliv]] encourages countries to set nationally appropriate spending targets for education. National contexts are diverse, but the following international and regional benchmarks are crucial reference points:

· allocating at least ٤% to ٦% of gross domestic product (GDP) to education; and/or

· allocating at least ١٥% to ٢٠% of public expenditure to education.

[١٦] The advisory group’s key recommendations are: (١) Develop a global consensus on principles and standards, (٢) Share technology and innovations for the common good, (٣) New resources for capacity development, (٤) Leadership for coordination and mobilisation and

(٥) Exploit some quick wins on SDG data.